Authors: Andreu Puy, Elisabet Gimeno, Jordi Torrents, Palina Bartashevich, M. Carmen Miguel, Romualdo Pastor-Satorras, and Pawel Romanczuk
Journal: PNAS
Animals moving together in groups are believed to interact among each other with effective social forces, such as attraction, repulsion, and alignment. Such forces can be inferred using “force maps,” i.e., by analyzing the dependency of the acceleration of a focal individual on relevant variables. Here, we introduce a force map technique suitable for the analysis of the alignment forces experienced by individuals. After validating it using an agent-based model, we apply the force map to experimental data of schooling fish. We observe signatures of an effective alignment force with faster neighbors and an unexpected antialignment with slower neighbors. Instead of an explicit antialignment behavior, we suggest that the observed pattern is the result of a selective attention mechanism, where fish pay less attention to slower neighbors. This mechanism implies the existence of temporal leadership interactions based on relative speeds between neighbors. We present support for this hypothesis both from agent-based modeling as well as from exploring leader–follower relationships in the experimental data.
成群活动的动物被认为是通过吸引、排斥和对齐等有效的社会力量相互作用的。这些力量可以通过“力映射”来推断，即通过分析焦点个体的加速度对相关变量的依赖来推断。本文介绍一种适用于分析个体所受对齐力的力映射技术。在使用基于智能体模型验证之后，本文将力映射应用于集群鱼类的实验数据。本文观察到快速相邻个体间存在有效的对齐力，而在慢速相邻个体之间存在意外的的反对齐力。与明确的反对齐行为不同，本文认为观察到的模式是一种选择性注意机制的结果，即鱼类对速度较慢的相邻个体关注较少。这一机制意味着相邻个体之间存在基于相对速度的暂时的领导力交互。本文通过基于智能体模型以及对实验数据中领导者-追随者关系的探索，为这一假设提供了支持。
（实习生梁欣宇编译）
