非法捕捞威胁着印度尼西亚未来金枪鱼商品的可持续性
作者：Alexander M.A. Khan, Ming-guo Jiang, Xiao-qiang Yang, Izza Mahdiana Apriliani, Noir Primadona Purba, Budy Wiryawan, Am Azbas Taurusman, Buntora Pasaribu
期刊：Marine Policy
印度尼西亚的金枪鱼渔业部门在其发展中面临重大挑战，主要是由于非法、未报告和不受管制（IUU）捕捞行为导致金枪鱼资源枯竭。鉴于金枪鱼渔业对该国国内生产总值（GDP）的贡献率为2.65%，占世界金枪鱼总产量的约16%，扮演着关键和支柱性的角色，这种枯竭对印度尼西亚经济构成了重大威胁。为了突显这一威胁，本研究采用了从政府机构收集的定量数据，并辅以来自文献综述、媒体报道分析以及选取的有关印度尼西亚IUU金枪鱼捕捞行为的出版物的数据。研究指出（1）印度尼西亚的非法捕捞行为包括违背人权(强迫劳动和贩卖人口)、腐败(经济上的)和金枪鱼走私；（2）金枪鱼渔业的未报告捕捞行为包括有错误文件(误报、未记录的渔获量)；（3）金枪鱼渔业的不受管制捕捞行为包括小规模和工业捕捞船队的渔获转运。印度尼西亚执法机关之间果断的执法和积极的协调，以及渔民的参与，是通过印度尼西亚海洋政策（IOP）成功地减少和控制IUU捕捞行为的因素。实施IOP打击IUU捕捞可以对印度尼西亚的IUU捕捞模式产生变革性影响。在这里，作者综述了IUU捕捞行为的最新发展，并讨论了在印度尼西亚规范可持续金枪鱼渔业政策的机会。
Indonesia's tuna fisheries sector encounters significant challenges in its development, primarily due to illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing practices that have led to the depletion of tuna stocks. This depletion poses a significant threat to the Indonesian economy, given the key, pivotal role that tuna fisheries play in contributing 2.65% to the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and accounting for approximately 16% of the world's total tuna production. To highlight the threat, this research employs quantitative data collected from government institutions, supplemented with data from a literature review and analysis of media reports and selected publications that addressed IUU tuna fishing practices in Indonesia. It was noted that (1) illegal fishing practices in Indonesia include crimes against human rights (forced labor and human trafficking), corruption (monetary), and tuna smuggling; (2) unreported fishing practices at tuna fisheries include faulty documents (misreported, unrecorded catches); and (3) unregulated fishing practices at tuna fisheries include catch transshipments by both small-scale and industrial fishing fleets. Decisive law enforcement and active coordination among Indonesian law enforcement authorities, as well as fisher involvement, are factors for successful reduction and control of IUU fishing practices through the Indonesian Ocean Policy (IOP) in Indonesia. The implementation of the IOP to combat IUU fishing could have a transformative effect on the patterns of IUU fishing in Indonesia. Here, we review recent developments in IUU fishing practices, and discuss the opportunities to regulate sustainable tuna fisheries policies in Indonesia.
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Khan, Alexander MA, et al. "Illegal fishing threatens the sustainability of future tuna commodities in Indonesia." Marine Policy 159 (2024): 105936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105936
