三十年来，东北大西洋和北冰洋的鱼类生物多样性不断增加
Three decades of increasing fish biodiversity
across the northeast Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean
作者: Cesc Gordó-Vilaseca, Fabrice Stephenson, Marta Coll, Charles Lavin, Mark John Costello
期刊: PNAS
Observed range shifts of numerous species support predictions of climate change models that species will shift their distribution northward into the Arctic and sub-Arctic seas due to ocean warming. However, how this is affecting overall species richness is unclear. Here we analyze 20,670 scientific research trawls from the North Sea to the Arctic Ocean collected from 1994 to 2020, including 193 fish species. We found that demersal fish species richness at the local scale has doubled in some Arctic regions, including the Barents Sea, and increased at a lower rate at adjacent regions in the last three decades, followed by an increase in species richness and turnover at a regional scale. These changes in biodiversity correlated with an increase in sea bottom temperature. Within the study area, Arctic species’ probability of occurrence generally declined over time. However, the increase in species from southern latitudes, together with an increase in some Arctic species, ultimately led to an enrichment of the Arctic and sub-Arctic marine fauna due to increasing water temperature consistent with climate change.
Figure 1. Difference between mean species richness from 1994 to 1996 and 2017 to 2019 expressed as percentage of change. The orange polygon is the study area boundary. Dashed lines are latitude and longitude.
我们观测到的许多物种的活动范围变化支持了气候变化模型的预测，即由于海洋变暖，物种的分布将向北转移到北极和亚北极海域。然而，这对物种丰富度的总体影响尚不明晰。本文分析了从1994年到2020年收集的从北海到北冰洋范围内的20670条科研拖网资料，包括193种鱼类。我们发现，在过去三十年里，在包括巴伦支海在内的一些北极地区，局部尺度的底栖鱼类物种丰富度增加了一倍，而邻近地区的增长率较低，区域尺度的物种丰富度和更替率有所增加。生物多样性的这些变化与海底温度的升高有关。在研究区域内，北极物种的出现概率普遍随着时间的推移而下降。然而，来自南纬度的物种增加，加之一些北极物种的增加，最终导致了北极和亚北极海洋动物的丰富，这是由于与气候变化一致的水温升高。
（实习生齐千萌编译）
